SAFETY

1) The relative freedom from danger or risk of injury to people and damage to items. 2) The organization within a company or Agency charged with the responsibility to review work conditions, environment, and products for safety.

SAFETY ANALYSIS

A logical synopsis of a system, or part thereof, that identifies its hazards and safety features.

SAFETY RELEASE

A document provided by the Materiel developer prior to testing involving the use of troops. Each Safety release expresses the specific hazards of the item or system and includes technical and operational limitations and precautions.

SAFETY STATEMENT

A formal, comprehensive Safety report that summarizes the safety Data that have been collected and evaluated during the Life Cycle of an item prior to a test. The statement expresses the considered judgement of the developing Agency regarding the hazard potential of the item, and actions or precautions that are recommended to minimize these hazards, and to reduce the exposure of personnel and equipment to them.

SALE(S)

1) The exchange of Property or ownership for money or its equivalent. 2) The amount of proceeds realized, or to be realized, by the seller for goods or services furnished, or to be furnished, to the buyer.

SALES ORDER

An Authorization for the OfftheShelf delivery and Sale of a stated item. Use of sales orders generally implies that there will be no Labor or Material costs incurred specifically for this sale, although some companies use a sales order to initiate the Manufacturing process.

SALES PRICE PROPOSAL

A firm Proposal (including Fee or Profit) to a customer or another division of a company.

SALES PROMOTION MATERIAL

Materials consisting of brochures, pamphlets, manuals, product models, and displays, etc., for the primary purpose of promoting a company's Capability, achievements, products, and/or services to present and or potential customers.

SALVAGE

1) Property that has some value in excess of its basic Material content, but is in such condition that it has no reasonable prospect of use for any purpose as a unit, and its repair or rehabilitation for use as a unit is clearly impracticable. 2) Property that is in such a worn, damaged, deteriorated, or incomplete condition, or is of such a specialized nature that it has no reasonable prospect for sale or use as a unit, or is not usable as a unit without major repairs or alterations. 3) The saving or rescuing of condemned, discarded, or abandoned property, and of materials contained therein, for reuse, refabrication, or scrapping.

SAMPLE

1) A portion, piece, or segment regarded as representative of a whole. 2) One or more units drawn from a Lot or batch, the units of the sample being selected at random, without regard to quality.

SAMPLING

1) To take a Sample of. 2) To test or examine the whole by analyzing or evaluating only a sample of the whole. 3) A method of obtaining Statistics from a large body of Data, without resorting to a complete census of the data. Two broad methods of selecting samples are Probability Sampling (in which sample units are selected according to the law of chance), and Nonprobability Sampling (in which personal choice, expert judgement or some other nonprobabilistic rationale is used to select sample units).

SCALE

1) To climb up. 2) A system of ordered marks, at fixed intervals, used in measurement. 3) A progressive classification, as of size, amount, importance, or rank, etc. 4) A relative level or degree. 5) To adjust according to a proportion.

SCHEDULE

1) A list of things. 2) A timetable. 3) A series of things to be done in a specific sequence of events within a given period of time. 4) A time display of the Milestone events and activities of a program or project. 5) A subsidiary detailed financial or statistical table, generally in support of summary Data in an exhibit.

SCHEDULE CHANGE

Any change (delivery date, Milestones, or completion dates, etc.) in the Schedule of a program or contract. See Scope Change.

SCHEDULE VARIANCE

1) An ahead of, or behind, schedule condition. 2) The Deviation from the Baseline plan, as determined by a comparison of the timephased budget (Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled) with the Earned Value (Budgeted Cost of Work Performed).

SCHEDULE WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (SWBS)

The structure used to plan and identify the schedule sequence relationship of subassemblies, subcomponents, or details within the framework of the contract Work Breakdown Structure.

SCHEDULING

1) To make a Schedule for a task or project. 2) The prescribing of when and where each operation necessary to the manufacture of a product is to be performed.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

1) A drawing containing all the information needed to show the flow and operation of a particular process or unit by showing all significant tasks, or parts, Components, wires, and tubing with their proper functions. 2) A diagram showing, by means of graphic symbols, the electrical connections and functions of a specific circuit arrangement. A schematic diagram facilitates tracing the circuit and its functions without regard to the actual physical size, shape, or location of the component devices or parts.

SCOPE CHANGE(S)

A customerdirected change pertaining to deliverable items or Contract tasks, scope changes fall into four categories: (a) Engineering Change; (b) Quantity Change; (c) Support Change; and, (d) Schedule Change. See also Contract Funding Change, In Scope Change, and Out of Scope Change.

SCRAP

1) Property that has no reasonable prospect of being sold, except for the possible reuse of its basic material content. 2) Left over Material discarded as refuse. See also Salvage.

SCRAP RATE

The percentage of failed material, items, or assemblies that cannot be repaired at the designated manufacturing or maintenance Facility, are condemned, and, are consequently, replaced in the supply system.

SEALED BIDDING

1) A formal Sale in which sealed bids are required on all items to be purchased. A Guarantee Deposit is required, and all Bids must be submitted prior to the advertised time of bid opening. Invitations to bid are sent to prospective bidders, describing the property to be sold, where it may be inspected, the conditions and date of sale, and the names of the persons to see or contact for further information. The sealed bids are opened publicly at a stated time and place, and the Award is subsequently made on the basis of the highest acceptable bid. 2) A Procurement process, where the Government advertises contract work to be awarded, and potential contractors submit sealed bids for the work. The sealed bids are opened publicly at a stated time and place, and the award is subsequently made on the basis of the lowest acceptable bid. See Two-Step Sealed Bidding.

SEARCH

1) To make a thorough investigation in order to find something. 2) The scanning of information contained on a storage medium by comparing the information of each field with a predetermined standard until an identity is obtained.

SEASONAL VARIATION

In a time series of statistical Data, that part of the movement of the data within each year due to the normal recurring effect of a season or seasons.

SECOND DESTINATION TRANSPORTATION

The Cost of freight, cartage, handling charges, and the like, of items shipped from the first station or Depot to the second station or depot. See First Destination Transportation Cost.

SECOND SOURCE

The Execution of an established Acquisition Strategy to qualify two producers for the part or system. See Dual Source.

SECONDARY ITEM(S)

End Items and Consumable and repairable items other than principal items.

SECURITY ASSISTANCE

Material and services provided by the U.S. to eligible allies as specified by Congress.

SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONS

The four primary Classifications established for the protection of sensitive Data and information are: (a) Top Secret classified information or material, which requires the highest degree of protection. (The top secret classification shall be applied only to that information or material the defense aspect of which is paramount and the unauthorized disclosure of which could result in exceptionally grave damage to the Nation.); (b) Secret information or material, the unauthorized disclosure of which could result in serious damage to the Nation; (c) Confidential information or material, the unauthorized disclosure of which could be prejudicial to the defense interests of the Nation; and, (d) Restricted information or material, originated by a Government or international organization, and considered by the originator to require security protection of a lesser degree than confidential, which shall, when released within the Government, or to the U.S. Government under international agreement requiring its protection, be marked to show in English, in addition to the word "RESTRICTED", the name of the Government or international organization which originally classified the information.

SEGMENT

1) A subdivision or section. 2) A part or portion into which something can be divided. 3) A grouping of Elements that are closely related and often physically interface. 4) A group of Configuration Items produced by several contractors and integrated by one.

SELECTED ACQUISITION REPORT(S) (SAR)

Standard, comprehensive, summary status reports on Major Defense Acquisition Programs (Acquisition Category I), required for periodic submission to Congress. The SAR includes key Cost, schedule, and technical information.

SELF TEST

A test or series of tests, performed by a device upon itself, which shows whether or not the device is operating within designed limits. This includes test programs on Computers and Automatic Test Equipment which Checkout performance status and readiness.

SEMIAUTOMATIC TEST EQUIPMENT

Any Automatic Test Equipment or device which requires human participation in the decision-making, Control, or Evaluation functions.

SEMILOGARITHMIC CHART

A line (or Curve) Chart in which the ordinates are measured on a logarithmic scale, and the Abscissas on an arithmetic scale.

SENIOR PROCUREMENT EXECUTIVE (SPE)

The senior official responsible for management direction of the service Procurement system, including implementation of unique procurement policies, regulations, and standards. The Senior Procurement Executive for all non-Service DoD Components is the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition.

SENSITIVITY

1) Responsiveness to external conditions or stimulations. 2) The ability of an output device to respond to input variables.

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

1) The measurement, recording, and Analysis of Sensitivity. 2) The repetition of an analysis with different quantitative values for selected Parameters or Assumptions for the purpose of comparing the results with the basic analysis. If a small change in the value of the variable results in a large change in the results, then the results are said to be sensitive to that parameter or assumption.

SEQUESTRATION

The reduction or cancellation of new Budget Authority, Unobligated Balances, spending authority, and Obligation authority. As delineated in the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990, sequestration is necessary if legislation is enacted that would cause spending in any Appropriations category to exceed a specified cap. The sequester will only cut programs in that category by whatever percentage is needed to reach the cap.

SERIAL CORRELATION

An indication of a relationship among error terms, serial Correlation violates an Assumption of Regression Analysis.

SERVICE(S)

1) A generic term for all Elements of the armed services. 2) A maintenance action which tends to prolong equipment life, prevent breakdown or maintain Design performance standard. This includes inspection, cleaning, lubricating, replacement, adjustment, alignment, and Calibration. 3) The maintenance of, or surveillance over, delivered products at the customer's location to assure effective product performance. 4) Labor and effort provided as a product.

SERVICE CONTRACT

A contract which calls directly for a contractor's time and effort rather than for a concrete end product.

SERVICE LIFE

1) The time period during which an item can be maintained in service without replacement. 2) The Average or Mean life of an item.

SERVICE LIFE EXTENSION PROGRAM (SLEP)

A program promoting modifications to fielded systems which extend the life of the system beyond what was previously planned.

SERVICE LIFE POLICY

A seller's Commitment to furnish corrections or replacements for certain major Components within the terms of the policy negotiated in conjunction with certain purchase agreements. The policy also sets forth the terms for servicing a machine or system.

SERVICE SUPPLEMENT

Information, instructions, or lists of items of supply applicable only to one military Service.

SERVICE TEST

A Government term used to describe the entire testing spectrum, service test includes all testing required to insure that material delivered to using activities is reliable and safe for service use, can be maintained by Average military personnel and skills, is logistically supportable, and is operationally effective.

SERVICEABILITY

A measure of the degree to which the servicing of an item will be accomplished within a given time under specified conditions. See Service.

SERVICEABLE

A condition of an End Item, in which all requirements of repair, bench check, overhaul, or modification, as applicable, have been accomplished, making it capable of performing the function or requirements for which originally designed.

SERVICING

The Replenishment of Consumables needed to keep an item in operating condition, but not including any other Preventive Maintenance.

SET

1) A group of persons or things connected by, or collected for, their similar Characteristics. 2) Any collection of distinct Elements. 3) A unit, or units, and the necessary assemblies, subassemblies, and parts connected together, or used in association, to perform an operational function.

SET UP

1) The one time only portion of the job of producing a given quantity of identical parts. 2) The making ready or preparation for the performance of a job operation.

SET UP TIME

The time required to Set Up, or arrange, fixtures and equipment in order to begin productive work, including adjustments to or the takedown of any original setup, and the return of the machine or work area to its original or normal condition.

SETTLEMENT EXPENSES

The reasonable Accounting, legal, clerical, and other Expenses necessary in connection with the Termination and settlement of a contract, subcontract, and/or purchase orders. Settlement expenses include final contract Audit and Close Out, storage, transportation, and other Costs incurred for the protection of property acquired or produced for the contract, or in connection with disposition of such property.

SETTLEMENT PROPOSAL

A Termination Claim submitted by a contractor or subcontractor.

SHELF LIFE

The expected length of time in Inventory for a system or item. See Storage Life.

SHIPMENT

The transfer of goods, for an appreciable distance (several miles or more), using equipment commonly available to, or usable by, common carriers such as rail cars, ships, aircraft, barges, or trucks.

SHIPPING DOCUMENT

An authenticated form evidencing Shipment or issue from the shipping installation to an authorized receiver. This form contains a Nomenclature description of the item, the quantity, unit of issue, and amount.

SHIPPING TIME

The time elapsing between the Shipment of Materiel by the supplying activity and the receipt of material by the requiring activity. In combination with Order time, it is the time elapsing between the initiation of a stock Replenishment action for a specific activity and the receipt by that activity of the material resulting from such action. Order and shipping time are applicable to material only within the supply system.

SHIPSET

A term which originated in the ship building industry and refers to the number (quantity) of equipment items per ship (such as two main engines per ship is two per shipset). The current usage is for any equipment quantity greater than one required on a delivered End Item (for example, two identical radios per aircraft is one shipset).

SHOP CALENDAR

A company calendar which shows the working days, holidays, and weekends. The calendar is also sequentially numbered for the working days. These numbers are used for shop releases and manufacturing events.

SHOP SUPPORT

A generic term to cover Manufacturing support to a program or project activity. Shop support consists of secondary support services to a primary manufacturing function producing contract End Items.

SHORT LEAD TIME ITEMS

Items having a Procurement Lead Time of 12 months or less.

SHORT SUPPLY

A situation existing when the total of stock on hand and anticipated receipts during a given period are less than the total estimated demand during that period.

SHORT TERM RENTALS

Rental contracts for property or equipment that may be terminated in one year or less.

SHOULD COST

A concept of contract Pricing that employs an integrated team of Government Procurement cost and price analysts, contract administration, auditors, and Engineering representatives to conduct a coordinated, indepth Cost review and Evaluation of a program at the contractor's plant. Its purpose is to identify uneconomical or inefficient practices in the contractor's management and operations, to quantify the findings in terms of their impact on cost, and to develop a realistic price objective for Negotiations or for the program that reflects the results of the shouldcost effort.

SHOULD COST ESTIMATE

An Estimate of contract price which reflects reasonably achievable contractor Economy and Efficiency, and is developed by a Should Cost analysis at a contractor's plant.

SHOW STOPPER

An event or condition serious enough to halt or severely perturbate a program unless confronted and eliminated.

SIGN UP TO

To agree, authorize, or permit to proceed on a proposal, document, or program. See Chop.

SIGNIFICANT DIGIT(S)

The number of digits used to express a numeric value, including embedded zeros, but excluding leading and trailing zeros (e.g., 130.50 has 4 significant digits, and 0.00005 has five significant digits).

SIGNIFICANT REDESIGN

A threshold imposed on the extent of Software Redesign, before indicating that the effort exceeds the specified norm for Software Rehosting. Commonly a redesign effort which exceeds 30% of the total Software is considered to be significant.

SIMULATION

1) A Model of a set of conditions, or an environment of interrelated Elements, exercised in a manner to gain knowledge of the conditions which may develop under various circumstances. 2) A method for implementing a model, simulation is the process of conducting experiments with a model, for the purpose of understanding the behavior of the system modeled under selected conditions, or of evaluating various strategies for the operation of the system within the limits imposed by developmental or operational criteria. Simulation may include the use of analog or digital devices, laboratory models, or Test Bed sites. Simulations are usually programmed for solution on a Computer; however, in the broadest sense, military exercises and wargames are also simulations.

SIMULATOR

1) A device or program used for test purposes which simulates a desired system or condition, providing proper inputs and terminations for the equipment under test. 2) A generic term used to describe a family of equipment used to represent threat weapon systems in Development testing, operational testing, and training. A threat simulator has one or more Characteristics which, when detected by human senses or man-made sensors, provide the appearance of an actual threat weapon system with a prescribed degree of fidelity.

SINGLE SERVICE PROCUREMENT

A Procurement where one Government department procures supplies or equipment to satisfy the requirements of all departments.

SINKING FUND

A Fund established by periodic contributions for some specific purpose, such as the retirement of Bonds, payment of mortgages, or replacement of Assets.

SITUATION REPORT

A recurring report, other than a Periodic Report, which is prepared upon the occurrence of an event or situation.

SITE ACTIVATION

A function of preparing an Operational, Training, or Maintenance site to perform the assigned functions. Site activation includes the construction and preparation of necessary Facilities, the installation of collateral equipment, and the assembling of the Spares, Support Equipment, Technical Data, and personnel required to place the site into operation.

SKUNKWORKS

A separate Program Management operation established to operate outside the normal process, either to expedite the program or because of high Security Classification.

SLIPPAGE

A delay in meeting scheduled objectives under a program, a slippage is usually accompanied by a related financial impact.

SMALL PURCHASE

A procurement action whose Aggregate amount does not exceed $25,000, small purchases represent 8% of DoD money spent, but account for 98% of all DoD contract actions.

SMART MUNITIONS

Munitions which "think for themselves" and have the self contained ability to search, detect, acquire, and engage targets.

SOFTWARE

A combination of associated Computer instructions and computer Data definitions, required to enable the computer hardware to perform computational or Control functions. See also Computer Program.

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE

The phases of effort involved in the Development of program instructions or Software. The three phases include: (a) Analysis and Design (AD); (b) Code and Unit Test (CUT); and, (c) Integration and Testing (IT).

SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION

Technical Data or information (including Computer listings and printouts), which document the requirements, Design, or details of Computer Software, explain the capabilities and limitations of the software, and/or provide instructions for using or supporting Computer software during the software's operational life.

SOFTWARE FAILURE

The inability, due to a Fault in the Software, to perform an intended logical operation in the presence of the specific or Data environment.

SOFTWARE MAINTAINABILITY

The Probability that Software can be retained in or restored to a specified status in a prescribed period Compatible with mission requirements.

SOFTWARE REDESIGN (RD)

The Analysis and Design required for retrofiting preexisting software on new target operational and Data Processing environments, based on the extent of differences in the operating system, command and job control languages, and/or Commercial Off-The-Shelf or Nondevelopmental Item Hardware and Software products.

SOFTWARE REHOSTING

The porting of preexisting Software to new target operational and Data Processing environments, testing for verification and validation, and problem resolution of any Form, Fit, and Function (F3) incompatibilities related to performance and timing, resource contention, and interface and interplay. See also Software Reuse.

SOFTWARE REHOSTING ADJUSTMENT FACTOR (RAF)

The extent of Software Redesign (RD), Software Reimplementation (RI), and Software Retesting (RT) required to verify and validate performance, timing, and interface and interplay Compatibility of preexisting Software that is to be ported and installed in new target operational and Data Processing environments.

SOFTWARE REIMPLEMENTATION (RI)

Modifications to the source code and command and control Software languages (excluding Language Conversion) required based on major or minor differences in the operating system and Commercial Off-The-Shelf or Nondevelopmental Item Hardware and Software products in order to be able to compile, execute the preexisting software on the new target Data Processing Assets, and verify and validate Form, Fit, and Function (F3) Compatibility or incompatibility.

SOFTWARE RELIABILITY

The Probability that the required Software will perform the intended logical operations for the prescribed mission(s) and periods(s) in the specified environment, without experiencing Software Failure.

SOFTWARE SUPPORT

The sum of all activities that take place to ensure that implemented and fielded Software continues to fully support the Operational mission of the system. Software support includes pre-Deployment software support and Post-Deployment Software Support.

SOFTWARE RETESTING (RT)

Hardware to Software and Software to Software system level integration and testing requirements under a full system Mission Profile loading to verify and validate Form, Fit, and Function (F3) Compatibility.

SOFTWARE REUSE

The utilization and modification of preexisting Software for a new mission or application. There are two basic forms of software reuse: Opportunistic Software Reuse and Systematic Software Reuse. Software reuse and Software Rehosting are very different and distinct concepts and processes, yet they are linked. Software reuse can be a significant factor in reducing the effort required to rehost software. However, the software rehosting process only addresses the effort for porting and testing to verify and validate the preexisting software in new target operational and Data Processing environments.

SOLDIER-MACHINE INTERFACE

Considerations through System Analysis and psychophysiology of equipment designs and Operational concepts, to ensure they are Compatible with the capabilities and limitations of operators and maintainers. See Man-Machine Interface.

SOLE SOURCE

The one and only source, regardless of the Marketplace, possessing a unique and singularly available performance Capability for the purpose of contract Award. See also Dual Source.

SOLE SOURCE ACQUISITION

A Contract for the purchase of supplies or services, that is entered into, or proposed to be entered into, by an Agency after soliciting and negotiating with only one potential source. See Sole Source.

SOLICITATION

An official document or notice, seeking prospective contractors to submit Proposals or Bids.

SOURCE, MAINTENANCE, AND RECOVERABILITY CODE(S)

Uniform codes assigned to all support items early in the Acquisition Life Cycle to convey Maintenance and Supply instructions to the various Logistics support levels and using commands. Codes are assigned based on the logistic support planned for the End Item and its Components.

SOURCE SELECTION

1) The formal Procurement process used within Government industry to: (a) solicit Proposals; (b) evaluate proposals; (c) pass recommendations to higher authority; and, (d) Award a contract. 2) The process wherein the requirements, facts, recommendations, and Government policy relevant to an award decision in a Procurement of a project are examined and the decision made.

SOURCE SELECTION ADVISORY COUNCIL (SSAC)

Senior military or Government civilian personnel designated by the Source Selection Authority (SSA) to serve as staff and advisors during the Source Selection process. The SSA usually delegates the following duties to the SSAC: (a) selecting and approving Source Selection Evaluation Board membership; (b) reviewing Evaluation Criteria; and, (c) weighing these criteria.

SOURCE SELECTION AUTHORITY (SSA)

The official designated as the final decision authority in a formal Procurement, the SSA: (a) directs the Source Selection process; (b) approves the Source Selection Plan; (c) selects the source(s); and, (d) announces contract Award.

SOURCE SELECTION EVALUATION BOARD (SSEB)

A group of military and civilian personnel, representing the various functional and technical areas involved in a Procurement. The SSEB is appointed by the Source Selection Advisory Council to direct, Control, and perform the Evaluation of Proposals, and to produce summary facts and findings required in the Source Selection process.

SOURCE SELECTION PLAN(NING)

Proper planning during Source Selection is essential to assure fairness and the timely selection of the most realistic Proposal(s). Preliminary planning activities include the preparation of an Acquisition Plan and draft and formal Requests For Proposal (RFP), as well as a Source Selection Plan (SSP). The SSP is written by the Program Office and approved by the Source Selection Authority. Typically, the SSP consists of two parts. The first part describes the organization and responsibilities of the source selection team, while the second part identifies the Evaluation Criteria and detailed procedures for Proposal Evaluation.

SPARE(S)

1) A replacement reserved for future use. 2) An abbreviated term for Spare Parts. 3) A term used to denote both spare and repair parts.

SPARE PART(S)

1) A replacement part, reserved for future use. 2) Those items of supply and replacement which are required for the Maintenance, Overhaul, or Repair of a system or associated equipment. 3) Repairable Components or assemblies used for maintenance or replacement purposes in major End Items of equipment. Spare parts are identical to, or interchangeable with the end articles, and are procured over and above the quantity needed for initial installation support of the system or equipment. 4) Any item provisioned as a line item by the customer. See also specific types of Spares, such as Initial Spares, Manufacturing Spares, and Replenishment Spares.

SPARES ACQUISITION INTEGRATED WITH PRODUCTION (SAIP)

A procedure used to combine the Procurement of selected Spares with the procurement of identical items produced for installation on the primary system, subsystem, or equipment.

SPECIAL ACCESS PROGRAM (SAP)

Programs established to provide extra security protection for certain highly sensitive technologies. SAP covers areas such as antisubmarine warfare, low observables, and electronic combat, or the application of these technologies to specific weapon systems.

SPECIAL PROCUREMENT DATA

Documents prepared for a Procurement Data Package, that have no other known functional use except for the particular Procurement.

SPECIAL PROVISIONS

The clauses devised particularly for a specific Contract or Procurement, as opposed to the General Provisions.

SPECIAL PURPOSE TEST EQUIPMENT (SPTE)

Test equipment which must be designed and developed in conjunction with the Development of the equipment or system being acquired. See also Special Test Equipment.

SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT (STE)

1) All electrical, electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, or other items or assemblies of equipment, which are of such a specialized nature that, without modification or alteration, the use of such items or assemblies is limited to testing in the Development or production of particular supplies or parts thereof, or in the performance of particular services. 2) Single or multipurpose integrated test units engineered, designed, fabricated, or modified to accomplish special purpose testing. 3) Items of accountable test equipment used by the contractor or the Government, but not included as deliverable contract End Items. See also Special Purpose Test Equipment.

SPECIAL TIME ALLOWANCE

A temporary time value applying to an operation in addition to or in place of a standard Allowance in order to compensate for a specified, temporary, nonstandard production condition.

SPECIAL TOOLING (ST)

All jigs, dies, fixtures, molds, patterns, taps, gauges, other equipment, and manufacturing aids, and replacements thereof, which are of such a specialized nature that, without substantial modification or alteration, their use is limited to the Development or production of particular items or services. These tool items are accountable under a contract, but are not deliverable.

SPECIALIZATION

An agreement within an alliance or Organization where a member or group of members most suited, by virtue of technical skills, location, or other qualifications, assume(s) greater responsibility for a specific task or a significant portion thereof.

SPECIFICATION(S)

A document intended primarily for use in Procurement, which clearly and accurately describes the essential technical Requirements of items, materials, or services including the procedures by which it will be determined that the requirements have been met. Specifications may be prepared to cover a group of products, services, or materials, or a single product, service or material, and may be general or specific in nature. See specific types of specifications such as General Specification, Detail Specification, Performance Specification, and Type A (or B, C, D, or E) Specification.

SPECIFICATION TREE

A Schematic Diagram showing the dependency of Specifications on other specifications, and the indentured relationships among them, regardless of the Assembly or installation relationships of the items involved.

SPENDING COMMITTEES

Standing committees of the House and Senate with jurisdiction over legislation that permits the Obligation of Funds. For most programs, the Appropriations Committees are the spending committees. For some programs, however, Authorization legislation permits the obligation of funds without an Appropriation, allowing the Authorization Committees to have spending power. Revenue-raising committees (such as the House Ways and Means and Senate Finance) may also at times be considered spending committees because of tax Expenditures.

SPONSOR

1) One who vouchers or assumes responsibility for a person, project, or thing. 2) The office within the Pentagon with cognizance over Mission Area, Appropriations, or program.

SPOT BID

Generally used for the sale of Government Property, a spot Bid is an assembled sale in which bidders place written offers in the bid sales box on site. Bids for each item are compared and the high bid is announced for each successive item or lot, before the next item is read, permitting bidders to submit a new bid on ensuing items at any point in the sale up to the time the offers on any particular item are compared. No Guarantee Deposit is required for a spot bid. See Sealed Bidding.

STAFF ASSISTANCE VISIT

A periodic visit by Government personnel to a contractor's Facility to determine, in coordination with the Contract Administration Office or Defense Plant Representative Office, whether a previously accepted management control system has been properly applied and is being used in the performance of a new contract that has the Cost/Schedule Control Systems Criteria requirement.

STAFFING

A statement of authorized personnel strength in an organization or program office.

STAND ALONE

A system which performs its functions requiring little or no assistance from interfacing systems.

STANDARD(S)

An established or accepted rule, measure, model, definition, or criterion against which comparisons are made. See also Military Standard.

STANDARD ADDERS

Cost Elements which are added to every Cost Estimate after the initial Estimate of Costs for material and labor, etc. Standard adders include General and Administrative Cost, Overhead, and Profit or Fee. See also Nonstandard Adders.

STANDARD COST

1) The normal expected Cost of an operation, process, or product, including labor, material, and overhead charges, computed on the basis of past performance costs, Estimates, or work measurement. 2) The predetermined cost of each operation or each unit of finished product. Standard cost represents the value of Direct Material, Direct Labor, and manufacturing, and Burden, normally required under Efficient conditions at normal capacity to process a unit of product. Excepting costs attributable to precise and highly predictable operations, Actual Costs will almost always vary from standard costs due to factors that affect performance, such as employee fatigue, unforeseen interruptions and other delays.

STANDARD(S) COST ESTIMATING

A Cost Estimating Method of applying and adjusting Standard estimates for machine setup and run time to each manufacturing operation or process which is required to fabricate parts, assemble them into a whole unit, and functionally test the completed unit. The standard Estimates are developed from studies of Historical Cost Data, or combinations of these Costs with time and motion studies conducted by Industrial Engineering organizations. Standard estimates are used to develop Direct Labor costs and other kinds of manufacturing Cost Elements, and for such other work as the preparation of technical publications, manuals, or handbooks. Standard Cost estimating is usually utilized on parts, assemblies, or End Items when the Design is complete, drawings are available, and production planning of the manufacturing operations required to build the items is complete. Adjustments can be made to the standards estimates for "variances" in worker Efficiency, anticipated shop loading, and other factors which might be predicted and which would increase or decrease the estimates.

STANDARD DEVIATION

A measure of the Average dispersion (Deviation from the Mean) of a group of numbers in a distribution, or a spread of Data points, computed as the square root of the average of the squares of the differences between the numbers and their arithmetic mean.

STANDARD ERROR OF ESTIMATE

A measure of divergence in the actual values of the dependent variables from their Regression Analysis Estimates. Also known as the Standard Deviation from the regression line. The Deviations of observations from the regression line are squared, summed, and divided by the number of observations.

STANDARD FORM

1) A form prescribed by one Agency for mandatory use by two or more other agencies. 2) A common form used throughout a company or division.

STANDARD HOURS

The number of hours a skilled worker should use to complete a given job under ideal, or perfect conditions. A Standard hour is a means of establishing a relative means of measurement. See Standard Cost.

STANDARD (COMMERCIAL) ITEM(S)

Those items of a class or kind that are regularly used for other than Government purposes, and are sold or traded in the course of normal Commercial operations. Standard Commercial Items may be fabricated by the prime contractor or purchased from others.

STANDARD PRICE

A uniform Price for any item established by a designated central authority based upon the estimated purchase or Replacement Cost.

STANDARD PRICE REDUCTIONS ON SALES

Inventory price reductions for items at less than full Standard Prices, in recognition of lesser utility, due to age, condition, or model.

STANDARD PRICE VARIANCE

The difference between Actual Costs incurred in connection with acquisition of Material, and the amount recorded in the Inventory accounts at standard Unit Costs.

STANDARD STOCK ITEM

An article of the military supply system which is approved for procurement, storage, or issue.

STANDARD TIME

1) Raw time plus Allowance, standard time is the achievable time that can be expected of an Average operator or group of operators over a significant period of time. The allowance includes two parts: (a) Lost Time, charged time not spent on the job, which includes work preparation time, break time, cleanup time, personal time, etc; and, (b) Allowed Time, the additional time, giving consideration to operator personal fatigue and normal operational delay factors affecting the individual operator and the group in the performance of the job. 2) The normal Best Time (100% Efficiency) possible with proper Facilities, conditions, and workers conducive to a sound manufacturing program, and the individual contract conditions, such as schedule, volume, Cycle time, adaptable to a good production flow plan.

STANDARD TIME DATA

A compilation of all the Elements that are used for performing a given class of work with Standard Time values for each element. The Data is used as a basis for determining time standards on work similar to that from which the data was determined without making actual time studies.

STANDARDIZATION

The process by which DoD (and NATO) achieves the closest practicable cooperation among forces, and the most Efficient use of research, Development, and production resources, and agrees to adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of: (a) common or Compatible operational, administrative, and logistics procedures and criteria; (b) common or compatible technical procedures and criteria; (c) common or compatible, or interchangeable supplies, Components, weapons, or equipment; and (d) common or compatible tactical doctrine with corresponding organizational Compatibility.

STARTING LOAD

A manufacturing usage of Learning Curve theory for shop loadings and planning. Starting load consists of two parts: (a) the selection of a rate of improvement (the slope of the Curve); or, (b) the estimated time and quantity to reach best unit performance (the Best Time). The criteria used for selection of starting load are the type of equipment and operations involved. Selections are then based on historical information and judgement.

STARTUP COST(S)

Nonrecurring Costs including the Costs for Production Engineering, and rate and replacement Tooling. Production Engineering includes the engineering costs to convert from Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation fabrication and manufacturing to production fabrication and manufacturing, and the function of planning where and when to perform work necessary to produce the system, and of coordinating internal and external orders, delivery dates, workmen, and machines, etc., thereby promoting Efficient operation. Rate/replacement tooling are those costs required to increase basic tooling to that level required to support a peak or rate production effort, and also includes the replacement of original tooling with improved tooling caused by Design Changes.

STATE OF THE ART

The total scientific or technical knowledge available at a point in time, when applied to a specific situation or design. It is used as a standard of comparison, where a Design is evaluated in the light of the existing scientific or technical knowledge available at the time.

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

A statement which reflects the amount of Assets, Liabilities, and Capital.

STATEMENT OF RESOURCES

A statement showing the Assets for a company or organization, which will be available for use to accomplish its objective or mission.

STATEMENT OF WORK (SOW)

1) A detailed description of the efforts and tasks which a contractor is required to perform. The SOW is usually incorporated in the Contract by reference, and/or as an attachment. 2) That portion of a contract which establishes and defines all non-Specification requirements for a contractor's efforts, either directly or with the use of specific cited documents.

STATISTICAL CHART

A graphical presentation of Statistics.

STATISTICAL COST

The Cost derived by the application of statistical methods to Data, accumulated through cost reporting and Accounting Systems.

STATISTICAL COST ESTIMATING

A Cost Estimating Method which requires an Analysis of the work to be performed, but generally can be used with much less detail than is required for other methods. Costs are estimated for the entire job, or major portions of it, using certain technical or Physical Characteristics (like weight, speed, and horsepower, etc.) and their relationships to costs as developed by studies of past jobs. See Parametric Cost Estimating and Cost Estimating Relationship.

STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL

The use of statistical techniques, such as control Charts, to analyze a process or its outputs, in order to take appropriate actions to achieve and maintain a state of statistical Control and to improve the process Capability.

STATISTICAL RANGE

The difference between the smallest and largest figure or quantity in a statistical series. See Range.

STATISTICAL SAMPLE

A limited number of observations selected from a particular area on a systematic, random, or other basis. The Sample makes possible, after the application of statistical techniques, a generalization about the Universe from which the sample was drawn.

STATISTICAL TABLE

A systematic arrangement of numerical Data, presented in columns and rows for the purposes of display, presentation, Evaluation, comparison, or Analysis.

STATISTICS

1) The mathematics of the collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical facts and values. 2) The Analysis of Population Characteristics by inference from Sampling. 3) Projections or forecasts based upon Sample data.

STATUS INDEX

A management tool for correlating planned and actual progress with planned and actual Expenditures.

STATUS REPORT

A report reflecting the situation as of a specified date with respect to programs, functions, activities, projects or processes.

STATUTORY RENEGOTIATION

An action provided for by law which allows for the review of Profit on renegotiable contracts and subcontracts for the purpose of eliminating Excess Profit.

STOCK

1) A Supply accumulated for future use. 2) A supply of material maintained on hand, or at storage points in a supply system, to meet anticipated demands for it. Items issued for actual use are not considered to be in stock.

STOP WORK ORDER

An order from the customer to stop work on a contract. Work may later be resumed or the contract may be terminated.

STORAGE

1) The act of storing, or the state of being stored. 2) The depositing or retaining of items in a warehouse, shed, or open area for safekeeping.

STORAGE LIFE

The length of time an item can be stored under specified conditions and still meet specified requirements. See Shelf Life.

STORAGE UNIT

That part of Automatic Data Processing Equipment, into which units of information can be copied, which will hold this information, and from which the information can be obtained at a later time.

STRATEGY (OR STRATEGIC) PLANNING

The determination and assessment of short and long range situations and environments, plus the identification and description of opportunities arising therefrom, including the identification of systems, products, and requirements to satisfy customer needs, and an assessment of alternative ways of meeting them.

STRAWMAN

1) An outline. 2) A working Draft copy circulated for comments or suggested changes.

STREAMLINING

1) An Acquisition Strategy communicating what is required in functional terms at the onset of the Demonstration and Validation phase. Streamlining allows flexibility for the application of a contractor's expertise, judgement, and creativity in recommending detailed requirements as the Development process approaches the Engineering and Manufacturing Development and Production phases. Streamlining is required by DoD Instruction 5000.2, and ensures that only cost-effective requirements are included in solicitations and contracts. 2) A generic term used to denote efforts to shorten the Acquisition process. See also Acquisition Streamlining.

STRETCH OUT

l) To extend or prolong a project or task. 2) Buying the originally intended number of End Items, over a longer period of time (for example, buying 10 items per year rather than 20). 3) To take longer to complete than originally planned, due to technical or funding problems or Constraints.

STUDY

1) The act of researching, examining, identifying, and understanding the aspects of a specific situation, event, course of action, or alternative. 2) Work done to produce a report without full scale experimentation.

SUBASSEMBLY

Two or more parts which form a portion of an Assembly or unit replaceable as a whole, but having a part or parts which are individually replaceable.

SUBCONTRACT

1) Any agreement, purchase order, and/or instrument, other than a Prime Contract, calling for the performance of work or for the making, or furnishing, of material required for the performance of one or more prime contracts. 2) A Contract between a buyer and a seller, in which a significant part of the supplies or services being obtained is for eventual use in a Government-direct contract. The term frequently implies a substantial dollar value and/or the procurement of major Components or subsystems, which require the subcontractor to do extensive Design, Development, Engineering, and testing to meet a prime contractor's procurement Specification.

SUBCONTRACTED ITEMS

Those parts, Components, assemblies, and services produced by a Subcontractor for a Prime Contractor.

SUBCONTRACTOR

A contractor who enters into a contract with a Prime Contractor.

SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION REVIEW

A formal review performed in lieu of a Cost/Schedule Control Systems Criteria (C/SCSC) demonstration review, when compliance with DoD C/SCSC is a contract requirement.

SUBSISTENCE

The Allowance paid to an employee on Business Travel, or shortterm assignment, to cover the Cost of lodging, meals, laundry, and incidental Expenses while away from the main Facility.

SUBSTANTIATION

Supporting Data, used as evidence, Rationale, or proof. See also Backup.

SUBSYSTEM

A functional grouping of Components, that combine to perform a major function within a system, and which are a major subdivision of the system.

SUITABILITY

A subjective determination by a decision authority that a developmental materiel system does or does not meet minimum standards prerequisite to satisfactory field service use. The judgement may be based on the presence or absence of uncorrectable materiel deficiencies, and/or the number and assessed importance of correctable and uncorrectable shortcomings.

SUNK COST

The total of all past Expenditures, or irrevocably committed funds, related to a program or project. Sunk Costs are generally not relevant to decisionmaking since they reflect previous choices rather than current choices. Sunk costs are often referred to as Prior Year Costs.

SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT

1) A contract modification which is accomplished by the mutual action of the parties. 2) A bilateral contract Amendment by which the Government and the contractor settle Price and/or performance adjustments to the basic contract.

SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATION

An Appropriation enacted as an addition to a regular annual appropriation act. Supplemental appropriations provide additional Budget Authority, beyond original Estimates for programs or activities which are too urgent to be postponed until the next regular appropriation.

SUPPLEMENTATION

The publication of directives, instructions, regulations, and related documents that add to, restrict, or otherwise modify the policies or procedures of a higher authority.

SUPPLIER

A company that supplies relatively standard or Off the Shelf items, as contrasted to a Subcontractor, who generally performs some degree of specialized Engineering in producing his deliverable items. The word supplier is often used synonymously with Vendor.

SUPPLIES

1) General purpose items stocked for future use. 2) All items necessary for the equipment, maintenance, and operation of a military command, including food, clothing, equipment, arms, ammunition, fuel, forage, materials, and machinery. 3) All property except land or interest in land, including, but not limited to, public works, Facilities, ships, aircraft, machine tools, and their parts and accessories.

SUPPLY

The Procurement, distribution, Maintenance while in Storage, and Salvage of Supplies, including the determination of kind and quantity of supplies. Supply has two phases: (a) the producer phase, which extends from determination of procurement schedules to Acceptance of finished supplies by the military Services; and, (b) the consumer phase, which extends from receipt of finished supplies by the military Services through the issue for use or Consumption.

SUPPLY SUPPORT

All management actions, procedures, and techniques used to determine requirements to acquire, catalog, receive, store, transfer, issue, and dispose of both principal and secondary items. Supply support includes Provisioning for initial support as well as Replenishment supply support, and is one of the principal Elements of Integrated Logistics Support.

SUPPLY SYSTEM

The organizations, offices, Facilities, methods, and techniques utilized to provide Supplies and equipment to authorized users, including requirements identification, Procurement, distribution, Maintenance in Storage, issue, and Salvage of material.

SUPPORT CHANGE(S)

A change in the requirements for a support item, such as spare parts, training, Ancillary Equipment, or warranty provisions, etc. See Scope Change.

SUPPORT(ING) DATA

Labor, Material, and other Cost information that support prices or costs. Supporting Data includes written information submitted with a Cost Proposal or Estimate, explains the derivation and the bases for the prices or costs, and the rates and Factors included in the proposal or estimate. Supporting Data also includes the detailed information retained at a contractor's Facility for onsite review. See also Backup, Rationale, and Substantiation.

SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (SE)

1) All equipment required to make and/or keep a system, or End Item of equipment, operational in its intended environment. 2) All equipment required to perform the support function, except that which is an integral part of the Mission equipment. Support equipment includes handling equipment, test equipment, organizational, field, and Depot support equipment, tools, and related Computer Programs, and software. Support equipment is usually classified as either: (a) Peculiar Support Equipment (PSE), which is unique to a system; or, (b) Common Support Equipment, which is in the customer inventory, or supports more than one system.

SUPPORT EQUIPMENT RECOMMENDATION DATA (SERD)

The contractor's recommendation for Support Equipment (SE) to support the end article. The SERD provides sufficient Engineering Data for review of the function requiring support, together with the recommendation for Development or procurement of any items necessary to satisfy one or more functions. The SERD also provides Availability, allowance, and Logistics Support information regarding the SE items recommended.

SUPPORTABILITY

1) The degree to which system Design Characteristics and planned Logistics resources, including Manpower, meet system peacetime readiness and wartime utilization requirements. 2) That Characteristic of material which quantifies its ability to adapt to changing Supply and Maintenance concepts.

SURCHARGE

1) An additional amount added to the usual Cost or Price. 2) Any percentage addition to a Material price to cover Storage, Handling, Transportation, and/or other charges.

SURETY

1) A Guarantee against loss, damage, or default. 2) Those requirements which insure that a system meets its performance requirements and remains operationally effective, within specified parameters, despite the threat of enemy exploitation, through either deliberate attack or inadvertent system Degradation.

SURETY BOND

A Bond which pledges indemnification of the insured against any losses caused by the individual whose name or position appears in the bond, through his failure faithfully to perform the terms of contract or other appointed duties.

SURGE PRODUCTION

An increased rate of production necessary to meet demands for defense items due to a wartime or Mobilization situation. This increased rate can be obtained by having excess production capacity available, or by utilizing multiple shifts of normal capacity machines.

SURPLUS MATERIAL

Material, in Inventory, in excess of requirements.

SURPLUS PROPERTY

Idle Property, no longer required by the using or custodial organization.

SURPLUS RESERVE

A Management Reserve representing the amount set aside, or appropriated out of surplus funds, for future planned Expenditures or unforeseen contingencies.

SURVEILLANCE

1) Close observation of a person or group. 2) The Government monitoring of a contractor's efforts to perform under a contract.

SURVIVABILITY

The Capability of a system to avoid or withstand a man-made hostile environment, without suffering an abortive impairment of its ability to accomplish its designated Mission.

SUSCEPTIBILITY

The degree to which equipment or systems are open to effective attack due to inherent weakness(es). Susceptibility is a function of operational tactics, countermeasures, and the probability of an enemy fielding a threat, etc. Susceptibility is considered a subset of Survivability.

SUSTAINABILITY

The "staying power" of U.S. forces, units, weapon systems, and equipment, usually measured in the number of days Capability to sustain combat.

SUSTAINING ENGINEERING

The continuing Engineering and technical effort which follows the release of all drawings and specifications, and which is required to support the fabrication, Assembly, testing, and delivery of End Items. Specific efforts include the maintenance and updating of drawings and specifications, the coordination of material or hardware changes, the investigation and Analysis of problems, and the proposing of the latest available techniques for the purpose of product improvement within the scope of a contract.

SUSTAINING TOOLING

The effort following initial Tooling, for maintenance, repair, modification, and replacement of the tools used in a program and within the scope of a contract.

SWAMP PAY

A term used to describe premium pay and Allowances received for working at test bases or remote sites.

SYNTHESIS

1) The process of combining separate Elements or substances to form a coherent whole. 2) The translation of functions and requirements into possible solutions (resources and techniques) satisfying the basic requirements. Synthesis is performed concurrently with Functional Analysis, whenever possible.

SYSTEM

1) A group of interrelated elements, forming a collective entity. 2) A network. 3) The organization of the hardware, software, material, Facilities, personnel, Data, and services needed to perform a designated function with specified results. 4) A combination of two or more interrelated equipments (or sets), arranged in a functional package to perform an operational function, or to satisfy a requirement.

SYSTEM ACQUISITION PROCESS

The sequence of Acquisition activities, starting from an Agency's reconciliation of its Mission Needs, with its capabilities, priorities and resources, and extending through the introduction of a system into Operational use, or the otherwise successful achievement of program objectives.

SYSTEM ACQUISITION REVIEW COUNCIL

A council established, by the head of a military department, as an advisory body to him, and through him, to the Secretary of Defense on major system Acquisitions.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

1) The application of a thorough, reasoned approach to the solution of complex military or corporate requirements, operations, management, and/or computing problems. The objective is to provide a decisionmaker with Data and information to assist in the determination of which alternative policies or strategies best satisfy requirements. The Analysis uses operations research, management analysis, Industrial Engineering, and/or other scientific or analytical techniques to compare the competing courses of action. 2) A management planning technique, which applies the scientific methods of many disciplines to major problems or decisions. The list of disciplines includes, but is not limited to, traditional military planning, Economics, political and social science, applied mathematics, and the physical sciences.

SYSTEM DEPENDABILITY

The probability that a system will perform successfully during one or more required sequences of a Mission, given the system status (Availability) at the start of the mission.

SYSTEM DEPLOYMENT

The delivery of the completed production system to the using activity. See Deployment.

SYSTEM DESIGN CONCEPT

An idea expressed in terms of general performance, capabilities, and Characteristics of hardware and software, oriented either to operate or to be operated as an integral whole in meeting a Mission Need.

SYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW (SDR)

A review conducted to evaluate the optimization, Correlation, completeness, and risks of a system associated with its allocated technical requirements. This review is conducted when the system definition effort has proceeded to the point where system Characteristics are defined, and the Configuration Items have been identified.

SYSTEM DYNAMICS

The behavior of a system over time, or over the range of any other Base of measurement.

SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS

A measure of the extent to which a system may be expected to achieve a set of specific Mission requirements. It is a function of Availability, budgetability, Dependability, and Capability. See Effectiveness.

SYSTEM ELEMENT

A constituent part of a system, normally one of the following: hardware, Computer Programs, Facilities, personnel, or Data.

SYSTEM ENGINEERING

1) The application of scientific and Engineering efforts to: (a) transform an Operational need into a description of system performance Parameters and a system Configuration, through the use of an iterative process of definition, Synthesis, Analysis, Design, test, and Evaluation; (b) integrate related technical parameters, and ensure Compatibility of all physical, functional, and program interfaces in a manner that optimizes the total system definition and design; and, (c) integrate Reliability, Maintainability, Safety, Survivability, human, and other such factors into the total engineering effort to meet Cost, schedule, and technical performance objectives. 2) An engineering organization which allocates and Controls the distribution of system level Requirements and Specifications to lower level subsystems and equipment items.

SYSTEM ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PLAN (SEMP)

A comprehensive management plan, submitted with a contractor's Proposal, which describes how a fully integrated System Engineering effort will be managed and conducted for a proposed system. The SEMP also addresses the contractor's plans for verification, risk alleviation, analyses, and simulation of the system requirements.

SYSTEM ENGINEERING PROCESS

A logical sequence of activities and decisions transforming an Operational need into a description of system performance Parameters, and a preferred system Configuration. These System Engineering activities and decisions include: (a) mission requirements Analysis; (b) functional analysis; (c) Allocation; (d) synthesis; (e) logistic Engineering; (f) Life Cycle Cost analysis; (g) optimization; (h) product engineering analysis; and, (i) generation of specifications.

SYSTEM OPERATIONAL CONCEPT

A formal document that describes the intended purpose, employment, Deployment, and support of a system.

SYSTEM PROGRAM OFFICE (SPO)

The office of the Program Manager, and the single point of contact with industry, Government agencies, and other activities, participating in the System Acquisition Process. See Program Office.

SYSTEM READINESS OBJECTIVE

A criterion for assessing the ability of a system to undertake and sustain a specified set of missions at planned peacetime and wartime utilization rates. System readiness measures take explicit account of the effects of Reliability and Maintainability system Design, the Characteristics and performance of the support system, and the quantity and location of support resources.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS REVIEW (SRR)

A review conducted to ascertain progress in defining system technical requirements. The SRR determines the direction and progress of the System Engineering effort, and the degree of convergence upon a balanced and complete Configuration. Normally held during the Concept Exploration/Definition phase, the SRR may be repeated after the start of Demonstration and Validation to clarify the contractor's understanding of redefined or new user requirements.

SYSTEM SAFETY

1) The application of Engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to optimize Safety, within the Constraints of Operational Effectiveness, time, and Cost, throughout all phases of the system Life Cycle. 2) The condition of an assemblage of objects and related personnel being acceptably free of risk of self injury or damage, or of injury or damage to other persons or property.

SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM

An organized set of related activities planned to ensure that the system is, at a minimum, as safe as required by contract and by law.

SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

A Specification which states the technical and mission requirements for a system as an entity, allocates requirements to Functional Areas, or Configuration Items (CI), and defines the interfaces between or among the functional areas or CIs. See Type A Specification.

SYSTEM SUPPORT MANAGER (SSM)

A major subordinate commander who is assigned responsibility by the materiel developer to provide primary support to the Program Manager during a specific phase or phases of the materiel Acquisition Life Cycle. The SSM serves as the point of contact with Logistics support agencies.

SYSTEM THREAT ASSESSMENT

An assessment of the threat to be countered, and the projected threat environment.

SYSTEM THREAT ASSESSMENT REPORT (STAR)

A report which documents the authoritative System Threat Assessment, tailored for and focused on a particular U.S. Major Defense Acquisition Program. The STAR is prepared by the Service intelligence Agency and validated at all major Milestones.

SYSTEMATIC SOFTWARE REUSE

A form of Software Reuse practiced in a planned and integrated manner in a well-defined Software Development process. In systematic reuse, new applications are developed from software that has been designed and developed to be reused specifically for other similar applications.

SWAG

A Rough Order of Magnitude funding "guesstimate" figure, similar to a Funding Wedge.